The kazoo instrument is one of the simplest and most playful musical tools ever invented. Despite its toy-like appearance, the kazoo holds a unique place in musical history and continues to bring joy through its distinctive, buzzing sound. Whether used in professional music, school settings, or casual performances, the kazoo demonstrates how uncomplicated design can lead to creative expression.
What Is a Kazoo?
The kazoo belongs to the membranophone family, meaning it alters the sound of a person’s voice using a vibrating membrane. It typically consists of a tube, often made of plastic or metal, with a small opening covered by a thin membrane. Unlike traditional wind instruments like flutes or trumpets, the kazoo doesn’t produce sound from air pressure alone. Instead, the player must hum into it. This humming causes the membrane to vibrate, which in turn alters the tone of the voice and creates the kazoo’s signature buzzing sound.
How the Kazoo Works
Many people mistakenly try to blow into a kazoo. However, it won’t produce sound that way. Instead, the player must hum a tune. The vibration of the voice causes the membrane to flutter, which distorts the sound and adds a buzzing timbre. This simple mechanism makes the kazoo incredibly easy to use, even for young children or people without formal musical training.
The kazoo’s sound can be adjusted by:
-
Adjusting the tone or loudness of the humming sound
-
Altering the force of breath
-
Using different vowel sounds to create tonal variety
While the kazoo is easy to pick up, developing control and creating expressive sounds requires some practice and experimentation.
The History of the Kazoo Instrument
The kazoo was developed in the United States in the 1800s. Its early version was based on an African mirliton—a traditional musical device that also used a vibrating membrane. In the late 19th century, a patent for the modern kazoo was filed by Warren Frost. Around the same time, Thaddeus Von Clegg, a German-American craftsman, helped refine the design. Early versions of the instrument were introduced to the public at events like the Georgia State Fair, where it was nicknamed the ‘Down South Submarine.'”
By the early 20th century, mass production began, and the kazoo became a popular novelty item. Its affordability and ease of use helped it spread quickly across America and Europe.
Materials and Construction
Most kazoos are made from plastic or metal, though some wooden and even ceramic versions exist. Each material affects the tone slightly:
-
Plastic kazoos are lightweight, colorful, and inexpensive. They’re great for children or casual use.
-
Kazoos made of metal tend to create a stronger, more vibrant tone. These are often used in performances or studio recordings.
-
Wooden kazoos offer a warmer, softer tone and are usually handcrafted.
At the heart of the kazoo’s sound is a thin, flexible membrane, often made from materials like plastic film, waxed paper, or similar lightweight substances. Some high-end models allow for membrane replacement or tension adjustments to fine-tune the sound.
Why the Kazoo Is So Popular
The kazoo’s charm lies in its accessibility. Virtually anyone can learn to play it in seconds. Several factors contribute to the kazoo’s lasting appeal:
-
Low cost: Kazoos are among the most affordable instruments available.
-
Portability: Small and lightweight, it fits in a pocket and requires no accessories.
-
Ease of use: No musical knowledge is required to begin making fun sounds.
-
Fun factor: Its buzzing tone adds humor and novelty to performances.
-
Versatility: It fits into genres like jazz, folk, rock, and even classical fusion.
The Kazoo in Music
Though it may be seen as a novelty item, the kazoo has earned its place in music history. It was especially popular in jug bands during the early 20th century. These bands used household objects and inexpensive instruments, making the kazoo a perfect fit.
Some famous examples include:
-
The Mound City Blue Blowers, a jazz group from the 1920s, used kazoos in several recordings.
-
In The Beatles’ song “Lovely Rita,” a kazoo-like sound appears, adding a whimsical touch.
-
Frank Zappa, known for musical experimentation, included a kazoo in some of his compositions.
In addition to recordings, kazoos have featured in:
-
School music programs
-
Theater productions
-
Marching bands
-
Comic soundtracks
Educational Value of the Kazoo
The kazoo is a staple in music education, especially for children. It introduces them to key musical concepts such as:
-
Pitch and tone
-
Breath control
-
Rhythm and melody
Because it’s so easy to play, children can focus on listening and creativity rather than complex techniques. It also encourages vocal exploration and confidence in musical expression.
Teachers often use kazoos in group activities, making it a tool for both individual learning and collaborative music-making.
Modern Innovations
In recent years, the kazoo has seen new variations and hybrid designs. Some models now include:
-
Electric pickups for amplification
-
Built-in effects that simulate other sounds
-
Custom designs for cosplay or theatrical performances
Artists on platforms like YouTube and TikTok have also brought new life to the kazoo, using it for covers, challenges, and humorous takes on popular songs.
There are even kazoo orchestras and world records, including mass kazoo-playing events involving thousands of participants.
Caring for Your Kazoo
Though sturdy, kazoos still require minimal maintenance:
-
Clean regularly, especially the mouthpiece, to avoid bacterial buildup.
-
Avoid soaking wooden kazoos in water.
-
Replace the membrane if the sound becomes weak or distorted.
For metal kazoos, make sure they are dried thoroughly after cleaning to prevent rust.
Final Thoughts
The kazoo instrument may look like a toy, but its musical and cultural significance is undeniable. It provides a simple and enjoyable way for individuals of any age to explore music and express their creativity. Whether you’re a music teacher, a parent, a performer, or just someone looking for a little fun, the kazoo is a tool worth exploring.
Its buzzing voice may be simple, but it has echoed through over a century of music with charm, character, and unmistakable personality.